Final+exam+study+guide+(INT)

· Definitions: evolution, natural selection, adaptation, variation, population, species, trait, fossil · Darwin’s contribution to science · Individuals do not evolve, but populations do · How traits are passed from one generation to the next · The effects of natural selection on an organism’s ability to survive and reproduce · How people use artificial selection to breed pets, crops, and livestock · Why sharing a common ancestor explains the similarities between related species · How adaptations helps groups of organisms to survive · Explain the idea of “survival of the fittest” · Make a cladogram to show the evolutionary relationships between organisms · Describe the changes that occurred during the evolution of modern whales · List the adaptations that help a given organism to survive · Definitions: biotic, abiotic, ecosystem, primary producer, primary consumer, secondary consumer, top predator, decomposer, detritivore, food web, ecosystem services, keystone species · The general characteristics of the following biomes: tropical rain forest, tundra, desert, estuary, savanna · The four types of symbiosis – competition, predation, mutualism, parasitism · Arguments for and against managing the prairie dog populations in Boulder County · The role of a keystone species in its ecosystem · How carbon cycles through the biotic and abiotic parts of the environment · The relationships and connections between the various biotic and abiotic features in an ecosystem · What a food web tells us interactions in an ecosystem · How ecosystems provide humans with services, and materials, that we need to survive · The ways in which humans affect our ecosystem, how some of these effects have a negative impact on the ecosystem’s ability to provide services and materials · Construct and label a food web that shows the relationships between biotic and abiotic factors in an ecosystem · Draw a picture to show how carbon moves around in an ecosystem
 * EVOLUTION (also remember to look at your Evolution exam study guide)**
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 * ECOLOGY (also remember to look at your Ecology exam study guide)**
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**ANATOMY and PHYSIOLOGY (your blue science notebook will be a great resource here)** · The major organ systems of the body, and the function of each of these · The function of the various organs in the body · The relationship between cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems · What it means to “dissect” something · The differences between male and female reproductive anatomy
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· The process by which food is digested and the organs involved · The importance of diffusion and osmosis in both the circulatory system and the excretory system · The defining features of mammals · The similarities between rats and humans that allow us to learn about our own anatomy by examining a rat’s anatomy · How organs and organ systems work together to keep the body alive
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· Identify the internal organs and external features of a rat · Explain how organ systems work together to keep the body alive (for example, explain how the respiratory, circulatory, digestive, and excretory systems work together to provide the body with oxygen and nutrients, and to cleanse the body of waste) The characteristics of all living things Basics of cell structure and function Scientific method Scientific importance of observation, experimentation, control of variables, hypothesis, theory, and law
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 * BIOLOGY as the STUDY of LIVING THINGS (Check the textbook to refresh your memory)**
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